|
辅音／子音
|
| IPA |
范例 |
汉语描述
|
|
b
|
buy, cab
|
浊音的ㄅ；闽南语「闽」
|
|
d
|
dye, cad
|
浊音的ㄉ；吴语「甜」
|
|
ð
|
thy, breathe, father |
无此音
|
|
dʒ
|
giant, badge, jam |
无此音；衢州话「陈」
|
|
f
|
phi, caff, fan |
同汉语ㄈ
|
|
ɡ (
ɡ)[1]
|
guy, bag
|
浊音的ㄍ；闽南语「五」、吴语「共」
|
|
h
|
high, ahead |
喉音的ㄏ；闽南语和粤语的「海」
|
|
j
|
yes, yacht |
同汉语「云」、「以」的开头
|
|
k
|
sky, crack
|
同汉语ㄍ或ㄎ
|
|
l
|
lie, sly, gal
|
同汉语ㄌ
|
|
m
|
my, smile, cam
|
同汉语ㄇ
|
|
n
|
nigh, snide, can
|
同汉语ㄋ，或ㄢ、ㄣ的结尾
|
|
ŋ
|
sang, sink, singer |
同汉语ㄤ、ㄥ的结尾
|
|
ŋɡ
|
finger, anger
|
|
θ
|
thigh, math
|
无此音
|
|
p
|
pie, spy, cap
|
同汉语ㄅ或ㄆ
|
|
r
|
rye, try, very[2]
|
类似ㄖ或儿化音
|
|
s
|
sigh, mass
|
同汉语ㄙ
|
|
ʃ
|
shy, cash, emotion |
类似汉语ㄒㄩ
|
|
t
|
tie, sty, cat, atom |
同汉语ㄉ或ㄊ
|
|
tʃ
|
China, catch
|
类似汉语ㄑㄩ
|
|
v
|
vie, have
|
浊音的ㄈ；吴语「饭」
|
|
w
|
wye, swine |
同汉语ㄨ作为辅音
|
|
hw
|
why[3]
|
|
z
|
zoo, has
|
浊音的ㄙ
|
|
ʒ
|
pleasure, vision, beige[4]
|
无此音；衢州话「床」
|
| 罕见辅音
|
|
x
|
ugh, loch, Chanukah[5]
|
同汉语ㄏ
|
|
ʔ
|
uh-oh
/ˈʌʔoʊ/
|
「西安」的「安」的开头
|
|
|
元音／母音
|
| IPA |
完全元音 |
……后面接 R
|
|
ɑː
|
baht, father, bra
|
ɑr
|
bard, barn, snarl, star（
/ɑːr./ 亦可）
|
|
ɒ
|
pod, John, doll
|
ɒr
|
moral, forage
|
|
æ
|
pad, shall, ban
|
ær
|
barrow, marry
|
|
aɪ
|
ride, file, fine, pie
|
aɪər
|
fire (
/aɪr./)
|
|
aʊ
|
loud, foul, down, how
|
aʊər
|
hour (
/aʊr./)
|
|
ɛ
|
bed, fell, men
|
ɛr
|
error, merry
|
|
eɪ
|
made, fail, vein, pay
|
ɛər
|
scared, scarce, cairn, Mary (
/eɪr./)
|
|
ɪ
|
lid, fill, bin
|
ɪr
|
mirror, Sirius
|
|
iː
|
seed, feel, mean, sea
|
ɪər
|
beard, fierce, serious (
/iːr./)
|
|
ɔː
|
Maud, dawn, fall, straw
|
ɔr
|
born, for, aural (
/ɔːr./)
|
|
ɔɪ
|
void, foil, coin, boy
|
ɔɪər
|
loir, coir (
/ɔɪr./)
|
|
oʊ
|
code, foal, bone, go
|
ɔər
|
boar, more, oral (
/oʊr./)
|
|
ʊ
|
good, full, woman
|
ʊr
|
courier
|
|
uː
|
food, fool, soon, chew
|
ʊər
|
boor, moor, tourist (
/uːr./)
|
|
juː
|
cued, cute, mule, tune, queue
|
jʊər
|
cure
|
|
ʌ
|
mud, dull, gun
|
ʌr
|
borough, hurry
|
|
ɜr
|
word, girl, fern, furry (
/ɝː/)
|
|
弱化元音
|
|
ə
|
Rosa’s, a mission
|
ər
|
perform（
/ɚ/ 亦可）
|
|
ɨ
|
roses, emission （
ɪ 或
ə）
|
ən
|
button
|
|
ɵ
|
omission （
oʊ 或
ə）
|
əm
|
rhythm
|
|
ʉ
|
beautiful, curriculum (
[jʉ]) （
ʊ 或
ə）
|
əl
|
bottle
|
|
i
|
serious （
ɪ 或
iː）
|
ᵊ, ⁱ
|
（元音经常弱化：nasturtium）
|
|
|
|
重音
|
音节划分
|
| IPA |
范例
|
IPA |
范例
|
|
ˈ
|
intonation
/ˌɪntɵˈneɪʃən/,
battleship
/ˈbætəlʃɪp/
|
.
|
shellfish
/ˈʃɛl.fɪʃ/, selfish
/ˈsɛlf.ɨʃ/
nitrate
/ˈnaɪ.treɪt/, night-rate
/ˈnaɪt.reɪt/
hire
/ˈhaɪər/, higher
/ˈhaɪ.ər/
moai
/ˈmoʊ.aɪ/, Windhoek
/ˈvɪnt.hʊk/
Vancouveria
/væn.kuːˈvɪəriə/
|
|
ˌ
|
|
